精神病可使患者减寿十几年

作者：新华 来源：新华网 日期：2011-05-22

英国的一项新研究显示，那些患有严重精神疾病的人由于受到各种因素影响，其预期寿命与普通人相比会显著缩短，减寿可多达十几年。研究报告在新一期美国学术刊物《科学公共图书馆综合卷》上。

英国伦敦大学国王学院等机构的研究人员报告说，他们调查了英国３万多名患有精神分裂症、抑郁症等精神疾病且程度较严重的患者资料，将他们和普通人的预期寿命进行对比。结果显示，男性严重精神病患者的预期寿命与普通人相比会减少８年到１４．６年，女性严重精神病患者的预期寿命与普通人相比会减少９．８年到１７．５年。

研究人员分析认为，导致严重精神病患者寿命减少的原因是多方面的。比如他们在社会生活中经常处于劣势，比正常人可能更不注意健康的生活方式以及长期服用的各种精神病药物可能会造成一些副作用等。在这些因素的综合作用下，他们往往更容易死于心脏病、中风和癌症等疾病。

领导这项研究的罗伯特·斯图尔特呼吁社会给予精神病患者更多关怀。

相关链接:Life Expectancy at Birth for People with Serious Mental Illness and Other Major Disorders from a Secondary Mental Health Care Case Register in London

Objective

Despite improving healthcare, the gap in mortality between people with serious mental illness (SMI) and general population persists, especially for younger age groups. The electronic database from a large and comprehensive secondary mental healthcare provider in London was utilized to assess the impact of SMI diagnoses on life expectancy at birth.

Method

People who were diagnosed with SMI (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder), substance use disorder, and depressive episode/disorder before the end of 2009 and under active review by the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLAM) in southeast London during 2007–09 comprised the sample, retrieved by the SLAM Case Register Interactive Search (CRIS) system. We estimated life expectancy at birth for people with SMI and each diagnosis, from national mortality returns between 2007–09, using a life table method.

Results

A total of 31,719 eligible people, aged 15 years or older, with SMI were analyzed. Among them, 1,370 died during 2007–09. Compared to national figures, all disorders were associated with substantially lower life expectancy: 8.0 to 14.6 life years lost for men and 9.8 to 17.5 life years lost for women. Highest reductions were found for men with schizophrenia (14.6 years lost) and women with schizoaffective disorders (17.5 years lost).

Conclusion

The impact of serious mental illness on life expectancy is marked and generally higher than similarly calculated impacts of well-recognised adverse exposures such as smoking, diabetes and obesity. Strategies to identify and prevent causes of premature death are urgently required.